A Miluk-speaking peoples, the Coos were permanent residents of an area surrounding the shores of Boos Bay in what is now the state of Oregon. At the time of contact with European settlers, there were an estimated 2,000 Coosans living in 40-50 villages.
Since signing a Treaty in 1855, the Coos have been living under a confederated government (the Confederated Tribes of the Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians) with the Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indigenous Peoples.