Overview
According to the last census of 2000, there are 105,226,114 people belonging to ethnic minority groups, and they comprise 8.47% of the total population of China. The government officially recognizes 55 ethnic minorities. There are 20 ethnic minority groups in China with populations of less than 100,000 people and, together, they number about 420,000 people.
The Chinese government does not recognize the term “indigenous peoples”. Although it has not been clearly established which of the ethnic minority groups can be considered as indigenous peoples, it is generally understood that they mainly comprise the ethnic minority groups living in the south-west of the country and a few groups in the north, east and on Hainan Island. Many of these belong to the category of small ethnic groups. They are mostly subsistence farmers belonging to the poorest segment of the country and they have illiteracy rates of over 50%.
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, The Indigenous World 2011
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